Gender Differences

This study asks how gender and status shape conversational dynamics in parliament and highlights interactional asymmetries as a mechanism of marginalization. Using parliamentary question-and-answer exchanges from Croatia, the authors analyze how MPs adjust the frequency, length and depth of engagement depending on the gender and executive status of interlocutors. The contribution frames withholding speech and abbreviated engagement as a form of non-cooperation that can reproduce parliaments as masculine institutions while shaping oversight quality.

This article tests whether working-class citizens are less personally inclined to run for elected office—i.e., whether social class gaps exist in nascent political ambition.

Do voters punish women legislators for failing to support women’s substantive policy interests? The authors test whether voters hold gendered expectations—expecting women lawmakers to champion women's issues more than men—and whether those expectations affect electoral evaluations.

Equal turnout supports equal representation, but mandatory voting may shift who shows up.

Conventional wisdom in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) predicts a male advantage at the polls driven by sexism. A large-scale conjoint experiment overturns that expectation: voters in six Arab countries are more likely to support female candidates and rate them as more capable, even in stereotypically male domains.

This study asks whether commonly observed gaps—women scoring lower on political knowledge, expressing less interest, and being less likely to give valid answers—are driven by how surveys define "politics." The author shifts the focus from questions about political institutions to a broader set of issues that can be considered political, and uses an experimental design to test whether measurement choices systematically disadvantage women. The contribution is a qualified challenge to the conventional interpretation of political knowledge and interest: the gender gaps appear to depend on the traditional, institution-centered content of survey items rather than on an overall deficit in women’s political information or engagement.

This study asks whether the gender gap documented in international political science publishing also exists within Italian political science. To avoid cross-country comparability problems common in prior work (which often compares U.S. publication rates to U.S. workforce data), a single-country approach is used to evaluate whether a ‘‘glass-ceiling’’ persists for political scientists who aim to publish their research.

The intersection of ideology and gender is reshaping political representation in the United States. This study explores how female candidates' ideological positions influence voter behavior and election outcomes.

Does a candidate's gender influence votes? Not always. This paper explores how the impact of gender varies dramatically across different political contexts, revealing that what might seem like an automatic preference gap is actually highly contingent.

Multiple-choice and open-ended formats are both widely used to measure political knowledge. Conventional wisdom holds that multiple-choice items provoke guessing, which can lead to underestimated item-difficulty parameters and biased estimates of respondents' political knowledge.

Guessing on closed-ended knowledge items is common. Under likely-to-hold assumptions, the most common estimator of learning—the simple difference between pre- and post-process scores—is negatively biased when guessing occurs.