Article summary
Wasow asks how stigmatized minorities break through hostile majorities to influence elites, media and voters. Analyzing black-led protests (1960–72), he shows nonviolent actions are associated with increased media attention, sympathetic framing, congressional speech, and local rises in Democratic presidential vote share (about 1.6–2.5%). For 1968, an instrumental analysis using rainfall estimates violent protests shifted white voting toward Republicans by roughly 1.5–7.9%.