Article summary
Given the global pattern that women leaders are often pressured to display masculinity to be seen as effective, this study asks whether those expectations—and the leadership styles they promote—can change over time.
Given the global pattern that women leaders are often pressured to display masculinity to be seen as effective, this study asks whether those expectations—and the leadership styles they promote—can change over time.
This article asks whether voter bias helps explain the near absence of politicians who are publicly HIV-positive. Using original nationally representative survey experiments in the United States, the United Kingdom and New Zealand, the authors estimate how voters respond to hypothetical candidates with HIV and explore explanations for any observed penalty.