Austria

Party leaders control which names appear on ballots, and their choices shape how representative parliaments look. Malu Gatto and Marco Radojevic ask whether party elites respond when women are visibly underrepresented on candidate lists—do selectors nominate more women when the gender gap is highlighted?

This article explores how historical foreign rule in Poland influenced the structure and efficiency of modern public administrations. Using survey data from over 650 Polish bureaucracies, the author investigates legacies stemming from partitions by Prussia, Austria, and Russia.