Researchers often analyze public opinion through the lens of the 'most important problem' (MIP) survey question, assuming it captures policy priorities. This study challenges that assumption by contrasting MIP responses with actual spending preferences in US and UK data.

First, the article defines two types of MIPs: those rooted in political ideology versus those focused on outcomes — a distinction crucial for understanding their value.

Then, it examines how well these MIP answers align with public opinions on government spending over time. The findings reveal poor correspondence between the two measures:

* Survey questions about 'most important problems' tend to ask different things than direct inquiries into policy preferences

* A disconnect exists: people prioritize problems differently than they prefer specific policies addressing them

This implies that relying solely on MIP responses understates the true representational gap — or connection — between public opinion and policy outcomes.