The Silk Roads connected Eurasia for centuries. This historical network transported high-value goods between China and the Muslim East, fostering trade hubs like Chang'an and Aleppo. How did political fragmentation along these routes affect city growth?

Data & Methods: Using historical records of major cities affected by trade route stability.

Trade route disruptions had serious consequences:

* Negative Effects: Major urban centers suffered significantly when the cross-regional Silk Road trade was interrupted due to political fragmentation.

* Specific Impact: The study shows how instability specifically damaged growth in key termini like Chang'an and Aleppo during medieval/early modern periods.

This research provides crucial insights: it demonstrates how pre-modern international systems operated historically, linking economic outcomes directly to the stability of trade connections between China and Muslim East.