📊 How Beliefs Were Tracked

This study tests whether the COVID-19 pandemic shifted citizens’ ideological beliefs about the role of government—motivated by prior work showing major crises (wars, depressions) can reshape mass attitudes. Original panel data from the United Kingdom were used to observe changes in the same respondents’ views before and after the pandemic.

🧪 How the Question Was Tested

• A longitudinal panel design tracked ideological beliefs about government responsibility and redistribution over time in the UK.
• A follow-up survey experiment exposed respondents to elite cues framing the pandemic as evidence for expanded state action to test whether informational or elite framing moves opinions.

📈 What Was Found

• No evidence that the pandemic changed beliefs about the role of government in the UK.
• Null effects held even for respondents who:
• experienced direct economic losses due to the pandemic, or
• received new forms of state relief during the crisis.
• The survey experiment showed that exposure to elite framing emphasizing the need for state expansion did not shift opinions on redistribution or government responsibility.

💡 Why This Matters

Findings challenge the expectation that direct crises automatically reshape mass ideological beliefs. Instead, the results suggest that crises are more likely to alter public ideology indirectly—through the long-term feedback of elite-driven policy changes—than through immediate personal exposure to crisis conditions.