📺 What Was Measured and Why It Matters

Many observers question whether partisan television has a large, persuadable, and isolated audience capable of shaping public opinion. Limitations of survey-only measures left that question unresolved. This study uses three novel datasets that directly link behavioral television viewership to political administrative or survey data to provide clearer evidence.

📊 How Viewing Was Tracked

• Three linked datasets combine behavioral measures of television consumption with political administrative records or survey responses.
• The linkage enables measurement of hours watched at the channel level and the partisan alignment of viewers without relying solely on self-reports.

📈 How Many People Watch—and How Much

• Approximately 1 in 7 Americans consume over 8 hours per month of partisan television, a population larger than the U.S. Black population.
• Approximately 1 in 4 Republican primary voters consume over 8 hours per month of Fox News.

🔎 Who Makes Up Partisan Channel Audiences

• About two-thirds of partisan television viewers are aligned partisans, consistent with selective exposure.
• However, weak partisans, independents, and outpartisans together account for over half of partisan channels’ audiences, suggesting a sizable portion of viewers may be persuadable.

🔁 Cross-Cutting Exposure and Echo Chambers

• Few aligned partisan television consumers also consume cross-cutting channels, a pattern consistent with partisan echo chambers rather than broad, balanced viewing.

⚖️ Why This Matters

The behavioral linkage shows partisan television reaches a nontrivial and partly persuadable audience while also exhibiting limited cross-cutting exposure. These findings indicate that partisan television’s potential to polarize public opinion cannot be easily dismissed.