Arecent study challenges popular narratives about American political representation.

Research Design

This research employs three conjunctive experiments to examine how citizens weigh different dimensions of representation. Citizens evaluate elected officials based on substantive policy alignment and service responsiveness, contrary to assumptions they prioritize partisan identity.

Key Findings

• Americans place significantly less weight on partisan affect in official roles than previously assumed

• Substantive representation (policy congruence) is valued nearly as highly as negative partisanship

• Constituent services remain a meaningful third component of representational evaluation

Implications

These findings suggest political representation involves complex, nuanced judgments that reflect democratic principles. The results indicate citizens' preferences for elected officials are better explained by policy competence and service orientation than emotional partisanship.