New policies often emerge after major political shifts known as punctuated equilibrium. Contrary to expectations, this article finds that post-punctuation policy changes are not random but follow predictable patterns in state charter school laws from 1996-2014.

New Model of Policy Change

This research develops an original model explaining how policies evolve after major political battles. The framework centers on policymakers' bounded rationality and their response to uncertainty about new policy effectiveness.

Key findings reveal:

• Policies change gradually even after significant overhauls
• Political competition drives refinement of charter school laws across states
• Uncertainty leads policymakers to seek information from interest groups
• States frequently look for cues in neighboring jurisdictions' approaches

Real-World Implications

These patterns demonstrate how political competition shapes policy outcomes. The study shows that even seemingly abrupt changes in policy frameworks eventually lead to predictable adjustments as policymakers respond strategically to ongoing uncertainty and competing pressures.