Direct Questions Fall Short, But Indirect Techniques Offer Better Results

Studying sensitive issues like corruption or sexual behavior is tough. Direct survey questions often lead to underreporting or nonresponse.

This study validates three indirect methods: list experiment, endorsement experiment, and randomized response.

✅ Methods Used:

• Direct questioning (baseline)
• List Experiment
• Endorsement Experiment
• Randomized Response Technique

📊 Key Findings:

• Indirect techniques produced estimates closer to the official election outcome than direct questions.
• Among indirect methods, endorsement experiment and randomized response had the least bias.

🔍 Why It Matters:

This validation provides empirical evidence supporting the use of indirect survey methods for sensitive political topics.