Female state legislators show greater collaborative activity than men, particularly in chambers where women are excluded from leadership positions. This advantage stems partly from mechanisms that promote collaboration despite marginalization.

Data & Methods:

* Cosponsorship Analysis (2011-2014): Examined 74 state legislative chambers using cosponsorship data as a proxy for political collaboration.

* Research Focus: Investigated conditions under which women's collaborative advantage manifests and changes.

### Key Findings:

* Female legislators exhibit higher levels of both partisan and bipartisan collaboration compared to their male counterparts.

* Collaboration strengthens when women are systematically excluded from leadership roles.

* Bipartisan collaboration remains advantageous, but requires less polarized environments and the presence of women's caucuses.

### Why It Matters:

These findings challenge conventional assumptions about integrated leadership. Our results suggest that while exclusion might seem to foster female collaboration in specific contexts, its removal (via integration) does not necessarily lead to proportional improvements across all political settings—it can even potentially weaken overall collaborative activity.