### Chilling Effect Confirmed

New empirical evidence confirms that international investment disputes do indeed constrain governments' ability to regulate anti-smoking policies, though the impact is far more limited than previously assumed. The study demonstrates how corporate legal challenges through international tribunals significantly delayed implementation of two specific anti-smoking regulations.

### Limited Scope Observed

Empirical findings reveal a striking pattern: while investment disputes slowed adoption of some anti-smoking measures, they had no effect on other related policies that were not formally challenged. This suggests the chilling impact is directly tied to legal vulnerability rather than general regulatory capacity.

### Divergent Impacts Across Nations

Qualitative analysis shows:

* Both developed and developing countries experienced policy delays due to investment disputes

* The specific policies affected varied across nations

* Multinational corporations selectively influenced sovereign decisions based on international legal exposure

This research provides crucial empirical confirmation of the regulatory chill phenomenon, showing multinational corporation power operates within defined limits rather than being entirely unchecked.