This article presents an exchange-theoretic perspective on national pride, positing that it fundamentally depends on access to political power.

Theoretical Framework

The piece argues that feelings of national pride are contingent upon one's perception of their group's political representation and stability.

* Core Argument: Political opportunity shapes national identity. Groups with greater political inclusion feel prouder, while those excluded experience less pride.

* Mechanism: Past ethnic violence or inadequate power-sharing arrangements erodes trust in future political stability, directly impacting pride.︎

Data & Methods

The author compiled a novel dataset by integrating survey responses on national pride across 123 countries.

This extensive coverage represents nearly all global populations (92 percent).

* Cross-Validation: For approximately half of these nations, the ethnic groups surveyed were cross-referenced with another data source detailing their political status.

Key Findings & Implications

Multilevel ordered logistic regression analyses at both national and subgroup levels provide robust empirical support for the theory.

* Hypotheses Confirmed: Individuals from ethnic groups lacking present or historical political representation exhibited significantly lower national pride. This pattern held even when accounting for established variables influencing identity formation.︎

This research underscores a crucial mechanism connecting political structures and individual emotions, offering insights into how power dynamics shape collective identities worldwide.