Introduction

Conventional theories predict voters reward politicians from the same ethnic group. But new research reveals otherwise.

* Data & Methods: Polling station-level election results combined with survey data uncover a surprising voting pattern.

Geocoded data pinpointed how local community makeup influenced voter choices.

Key Findings

Similar Ghanaian voters

* Were less likely to vote for their own ethnic group's party when geographical conditions favored that group

* More likely to support a different ethnic group's associated party in favorable situations

This outcome suggests voters respond differently to nonexcludable local benefits.

Why It Matters

The findings help explain inconsistent voting patterns across African democracies and demonstrate how geographic factors shape electoral behavior, challenging standard assumptions about ethnic voting.