# Elite & Popular Preferences Influence SCOT, But Why?

Existing studies reveal that elite and popular preferences influence U.S. Supreme Court decision-making. However, scholars remain uncertain about the specific conditions under which this influence occurs. This gap questions how external factors constrain an institution often seen as insulated.

## Core Argument: Fear of Non-Implementation Drives Constraint

The author argues that constraints on the Court stem from justices' fear of nonimplementation, especially in cases where their rulings lack clear enforcement mechanisms. This explains why implementation power differs significantly between types of cases:

* Vertical Cases: Those involving criminal or civil liability (e.g., discrimination lawsuits)

* Lateral Cases: Other types like school desegregation orders with limited enforcement capabilities

## Key Findings: Implementation Power & Case Importance

Analysis shows the Court's implementation power is greater in vertical cases. Conversely, constraint and responsiveness to external preferences are strongest in important lateral cases (e.g., those requiring cooperation from nonjudicial actors).

### Why It Matters:

The research demonstrates that Supreme Court constraints aren't uniform but depend on the justices' institutional anxieties about enforcement failure, revealing a more complex dynamic between courts and society.