Does physical proximity between groups drive urban violence? Or is social distance more critical?

Using an agent-based model calibrated to Jerusalem's settlement patterns and spatial distribution of violence, this study explores these questions. Our analysis suggests that reducing intergroup interactions through localized segregation or restricting mobility significantly lowers violence.

But our findings also reveal a crucial factor: social distance plays a decisive role. Even with minimal physical contact, high social distance can fuel violence if groups remain isolated.

This nuanced understanding helps policymakers evaluate different strategies for managing urban conflict in contested cities like Jerusalem.