This study reveals a significant communication disparity between constituents and their elected representatives, particularly based on racial identity. Using an innovative field experiment design in Maryland's multimember districts, researchers provided opportunities for residents to contact their actual representative whose race was randomly assigned. The findings show that both Black and white constituents significantly decreased their likelihood of communicating with representatives not matching their own race.

Communication Behavior Findings

* Blacks were less likely to reach out to black representatives

* Whites showed reduced communication attempts toward white representatives

This pattern demonstrates a clear racial bias in constituent outreach behavior, suggesting that politicians receive uneven input from different segments of their constituency based on representation.

Implications for Representation Research

These results offer crucial insights into the mechanisms driving minority-substance gaps. The "this means that" interpretation is straightforward:

* Unequal communication frequency likely contributes significantly to disparities in descriptive representation

* This research helps explain why minorities often see less effective advocacy when represented by politicians of different racial backgrounds

The findings highlight a potential feedback loop where lower communication rates among specific groups may perpetuate unequal substantive outcomes, even when the representative is their own race.