New data reveals a stark contrast: UN rule-of-law efforts show weak correlation during active conflict but robust positive effects in post-conflict Africa.

New Data Sources

* Original datasets capturing civilian personnel numbers and their assigned tasks.

* Detailed records of actual rule-of-law reform activities across missions.

Key Findings

✅ Timing Matters: Impact is negligible during conflict but significantly positive post-conflict.

✅ Personnel Role: Civilian personnel are more effective than uniformed ones.

✅ Host State Importance: Successful reforms require meaningful host state engagement.

This nuanced understanding provides crucial guidance for designing more effective UN peacekeeping and rule-of-law programs.