This article explores how exposure and victimization by ethnic violence affected social norms for prosocial behavior post-conflict in Kosovo.

Data & Methods: Lab-in-the-field experiments were conducted with participants exposed to different treatments.

Findings: Results indicate that while ethnicity treatments captured a negative legacy of parochialism, local/non-local treatments showed stronger evidence of prosociality and norm recovery. Victims displayed increased bias against ethnic out-groups alongside reduced willingness to engage in prosocial behavior towards outsiders.

Implications & Caveats: Findings suggest the effects of violence depend on salience of in-group/out-group cues. Selection biases were addressed through balancing and matching techniques.