Article summary
This paper argues that local pub closures increase support for UKIP by signaling the decline of community and cultural identity.
This paper argues that local pub closures increase support for UKIP by signaling the decline of community and cultural identity.
The public story that the middle class has been the major loser of recent decades is both conceptually and empirically flawed. New analysis of household employment and disposable income across six Western countries shows a different pattern: middle-class employment and incomes generally outpaced those of the working class between 1980 and 2020.
How has class inequality in elections grown? This article explores three hypotheses: policy indifference, policy alienation, and social alienation. British Election Data (1964-2010) shows working-class voters increasingly abstain.