This article examines electoral clientelism in Brazil's pre-secret ballot era, using archives from Gustavo Capanema. It provides direct evidence that politicians strategically allocated resources based on broker performance and previous voting outcomes. Broker mobilization effectiveness was measurable through vote discrepancies before secret ballots were introduced, allowing for informed resource distribution.
| Buying Power: Electoral Strategy before the Secret Vote was authored by Daniel Gingerich. It was published by Cambridge in APSR in 2020. |
