### Research Context

Recent studies suggested that political exclusion of ethnic groups fuels civil conflict, but this research counters critics who claim endogeneity issues may skew these findings.

### Novel Approach

We analyze historical colonial rule's impact by examining differences between French and British colonies. This method isolates the effect of postcolonial power-sharing arrangements from potential conflict triggers.

### Key Findings

Our results show political inclusion significantly reduces conflict risk, a finding understated in prior research.

### Policy Implications

These findings suggest policymakers should consider inclusive governance structures as effective tools for maintaining peace.