Core values often dominate discussions of political ideology, but the article argues that premise disputes—fundamental beliefs about human nature and society—are equally important yet understudied. This gap exists despite centuries-long use of premises in philosophical theories.

The authors address this disjuncture through observational studies analyzing how premises shape political cognition independently from values like liberalism or conservatism.

Key Findings: Premises significantly influence ideological conflicts, often operating distinct from core value disagreements.

Why It Matters: Understanding premise disputes can clarify why certain political divides persist despite shared values.