## How Offshoring Affects Voters

The movement of manufacturing jobs abroad raises questions about its political impact.

Voter Response to Job Losses:

* Incumbent parties often lose support when local plants move production overseas between elections.

* This effect is consistent across different election types (national and regional) and time periods.

## Research Design & Methods

The study employs a difference-in-differences approach comparing affected municipalities to unaffected ones.

Researchers also conducted an original survey in Spain.

## Key Findings

Electoral outcomes reflect voter discontent with offshoring:

* Incumbent vote shares decrease as job losses due to offshoring increase locally.

* In multiparty systems, voters disproportionately penalize the leading coalition party for such actions.

## Political Significance

Offshoring emerges as a significant factor in retrospective voting calculations across democratic contexts.