The Disconnect

Quantitative political science has long studied representation but often ignored newer theoretical concepts developed by theorists since the early 2000s. This creates a significant gap between theory and empirics.

Proposed Conceptions

The authors introduce four new ways to understand multidimensional representation that better capture theorists' ideas while being quantifiable.

* Addressing limitations of traditional left-right measurement

* Incorporating diverse dimensions beyond ideology (ethnicity, religion, etc.)

* Capturing voter-official alignment across multiple issue areas simultaneously

Moving Forward

This framework provides a more comprehensive approach to measuring representation's complex nature and its connection to democratic accountability. It offers tools for researchers aiming to advance the field.