Ethnic voting remains significant across many nations. This study explores why it occurs more frequently in specific regions than others.

Thesis: Neighborhood ethnic composition influences voting behavior through intimidation dynamics among minority voters.

We argue that when an ethnic group is outnumbered, its members fear negative reactions from the majority population during elections.

### Afrobarometer Survey Evidence (Rounds 3 & 4)

Our analysis uses geocoded data to measure voter beliefs about electoral intimidation in Ghana. We examine responses regarding perceived threats among minority voters.

* Key finding: Voters near concentrated ethnic majorities are more likely to report fear of intimidation during campaigns.

* Method: Afrobarometer survey data, combined with geographical coding and DHS information.

### Alternative Mechanism Assessment

We test a competing theory about public goods provision using the same datasets. The evidence does not support this alternative explanation as a primary driver for ethnic voting patterns.

### Applied Significance

This research illuminates how subtle neighborhood effects can profoundly impact electoral behavior, highlighting intimidation risks in diverse communities.