
# Title: Do Partisan Types Stop at the Water's Edge?
This study investigates whether partisan differences influence voter turnout near geographical borders, specifically examining spatial voting behavior and potential barriers to participation.
## Background
The concept of "watering gaps" in electoral geography suggests that physical boundaries can affect voting patterns. This research explores if these effects are influenced by political ideology.
### Data & Methods
Using aggregate data from multiple U.S. states with significant coastlines, this analysis compares voter turnout across distances from the shore using statistical methods appropriate for spatial data.
## Key Findings
* Turnout drops significantly near coastal boundaries in all examined states.
* This effect appears consistent regardless of partisan leaning (Democrat or Republican).
### Why It Matters
These findings challenge assumptions that partisan differences drive disparities at geographical edges, suggesting universal barriers to participation based on location.

| Do Partisan Types Stop at the Water's Edge? was authored by Joshua Kertzer, Deborah Jordan Brooks and Stephen G. Brooks. It was published by Chicago in JOP in 2021. |