📌 The Question:

What drives legislators to use emotive rhetoric in parliamentary debates? The article argues that emotive rhetoric is a strategic tool for appealing to voters and predicts that legislators are more likely to use it in debates with a large general audience.

📊 What Was Analyzed — Two Million Speeches from UK and Ireland:

• A corpus of two million parliamentary speeches drawn from the UK House of Commons and the Irish Parliament.

🔍 How Emotive Rhetoric Was Measured:

• A dictionary-based approach combined the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) with word-embedding techniques to build a domain-specific emotive dictionary that identifies emotionally charged language in legislative speech.

📈 Key Findings:

• Emotive rhetoric is more pronounced in high-profile legislative debates.
• Prime Minister’s Questions is a clear example, showing spikes in emotive language compared to other debates.
• The patterns are consistent with the view that legislators use emotive rhetoric strategically to appeal directly to voters when public visibility is high.

🌐 Why It Matters:

The findings contribute to the study of legislative speech and political representation by demonstrating that emotional appeals in parliaments are systematic and audience-driven rather than incidental, with implications for how citizens perceive and evaluate parliamentary communication.