Existing studies may have underestimated presidential unilateral power. This article shows Congress consistently exerts veto power over federal regulations, even when the president endorses them.

### Data & Methods

The research tests two models: one assuming Congress can execute a legislative veto; another requiring presidential coalitions for congressional influence.

#### Key Findings

Applying empirical tests reveals consistent evidence of Congressional veto power. This holds true even over actions the President endorses.*

### Why It Matters

This finding challenges conventional understanding by demonstrating:

* The limitations on presidential unilateral power are more significant than previously acknowledged.

* Congressional influence extends beyond statutory constraints.

The article concludes that this evidence suggests existing studies may significantly understate constraints on presidential power.