Electoral institutions profoundly influence campaign activities at the individual level, according to new comparative research.

Data & Methods:

This study analyzes candidate-level data from multiple national parliamentary elections using advanced quantitative techniques. Researchers directly compared mobilization strategies across different electoral systems.

Key Findings:

• Candidate-centred electoral rules correlate with more intensive and complex campaign efforts

• These institutional frameworks significantly shift focus toward personal rather than party-level appeals

• The study reveals substantial variations in political engagement tactics based on institutional design

Real-World Relevance:

These findings demonstrate that electoral institutions impact political competition far beyond their established effects on parties and representation. Understanding these dynamics provides crucial insights for scholars and policymakers seeking to enhance democratic processes.