Direct Xenophobia vs Indirect Attacks: How Identity Portfolios Form

This study examines how direct xenophobic attacks impact identity portfolios in African nations.

Data & Methods

Using Afrobarometer datasets and discourse analysis techniques, the research analyzes public responses to various anti-immigrant policies across multiple countries.

Key Findings

Direct xenophobia often leads to more explicit forms of identity expression, while indirect attacks foster strategic ambiguity in self-definition.

Why It Mattersnconsiders implications for immigration policy debates and political representation studies.