International Relations Articles with Replication Data

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Resources for political science research on international relations. Topics include wars between countries, trade, foreign aid, international organizations, and peacekeeping. Also included are civil wars and conflict with non-state actors. See European Politics (for EU-related resources) and American Politics (research on US foreign policy).

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Blogs, Podcasts & Journals

International Security: .Publishes articles on the full range of contemporary security issues. Its articles address traditional topics, such as war and peace, as well as more recent dimensions of security.

War on the Rocks: .A platform for analysis, commentary, debate and multimedia content on foreign policy and national security issues through a realist lens.

Journal of Peace Research: .Focuses on the causes of violence and conflict resolution, strives for a global focus on conflict and peacemaking.

#OCCUPYIRTHEORY: .A blog focusing primarily on the significance of Occupy Wall Street and other horizontalist political movements for the academic disciplines of International Relations and International Political Economy.

Journal of Conflict Resolution: .Focuses on conflict between and within states, but also explores a variety of inter-group and interpersonal conflicts that may help in understanding problems of war and peace

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IR Data Sites

Computational Event Data System: .Uses automated coding of news reports, focusing on the Middle East, Balkans, and West Africa, for statistical early warning models to predict political change.

Sie Cheou-Kang Center for International Security & Diplomacy: .Dedicated to building knowledge on the evolving nature of security and diplomacy to better address pressing global issue, see data downloads page

TERRIER: .Stands for temporally extended, regular, reproducible international event records, is a new machine coded event dataset ranging from 1979 to 2016.

xSub / cross-sub.org: .A repository of micro-level, subnational event data on armed conflict and contention around the world.

Military Expenditure Database: .Contains consistent time series on the military spending of countries, updated annually.

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2023 est.

Causal Pathways of Rebel Defection from Negotiated Settlements: A Theory of Strategic AlliancesChelsea Johnson (2023 est.)

Creative Learning and Policy Ideas: The Global Rise of Green GrowthBentley Allan; Jonas Meckling (2023 est.)

2022

Agricultural Comparative Advantage and Legislators' Support for Trade AgreementsFrancesco Amodio; *Leonardo Baccini; Giorgio Chiovelli; Michele Di Maio (2022)

Asset Specificity, Corporate Protection and Trade Policy: Firm-level Evidence from Antidumping Petitions in 19 JurisdictionsBenjamin C.K. Egerod; Mogens K. Justesen (2022)

Complex Dependence in Foreign Direct Investment: Network Theory and Empirical AnalysisJohn Schoeneman; Boliang Zhu; *Bruce Desmarais (2022)

Cyber Terrorism and Public Support for Retaliation: A Multi-Country Survey ExperimentRyan Shandler; Michael L. Gross; Sophia Backhaus; Daphna Canetti (2022)

Do Investor-State Disputes (Still) Harm FDI?Andrew Kerner; Krzysztof Pelc (2022)

Do Major-Power Interventions Encourage the Onset of Civil Conflict? A Structural AnalysisMichael Gibilisco; Sergio Montero (2022)

Dyadic Conflict: Elites, Citizens, and WarKristopher Ramsay; Colin Krainin (2022)

Facing U.S. Extraterritorial Pressure: American Troops in Foreign Courts During the Cold WarAsif Efrat (2022)

How Does Armed Conflict Shape Investment? Evidence from the Mining Sector*Graeme Blair; *Darin Christensen; Valerie Wirtschafter (2022)

Retreat of the WestBrian Burgoon; Peter Trubowitz (2022)

The Effect of Drone Strikes on Civilian Communication: Evidence from YemenMichael Freedman; Ali Jadbabaie; Fotini Christia; Spyros I. Zoumpoulis; Leon Yao (2022)

U.S. Patronage, State Capacity, and Civil ConflictMatthew Digiuseppe; Patrick E. Shea (2022)

When State Building Backfires: Elite Coordination and Popular Grievance in RebellionFrancisco Garfias; Emily A. Sellars (2022)

With Frenemies Like These: Rising Power Voting Behavior in the UN General AssemblyMartin Binder; Autumn Lockwood Payton (2022)

2021

A Latent Variable Approach to Measuring and Explaining Peace Agreement StrengthRob Williams; Daniel J. Gustafson; Stephen E. Gent; Mark J.C. Crescenzi (2021)

An International Game of Risk: Troop Placement and Major Power CompetitionOlga Chyzh; Carla Martinez Machain; Mark David Nieman; Sam R. Bell (2021)

Assessing the Renaissance of Individuals in International RelationsMarcus Holmes; Richard Jordan; Eric Parajon (2021)

Coercion and the Credibility of AssurancesMatthew Cebul; Allan Dafoe; Nuno P. Monteiro (2021)

Crazy like a Fox? Are Leaders with Reputations for Madness More Successful at International Coercion?Roseanne McManus (2021)

Do Commodity Price Shocks Cause Armed Conflict? A Meta-Analysis of Natural ExperimentsAaron Rudkin; *Darin Christensen; *Graeme Blair (2021)

Economic Sanctions and Government Spending Adjustments: The Case of Disaster PreparednessElena McLean; Taehee Whang (2021)

Estimating Crisis Signaling Games with Multiple Equilibria: Problems and SolutionsCasey Crisman-Cox; Michael Gibilisco (2021)

Foreign Aid and State Legitimacy: Evidence on Chinese and US Aid to Africa from Surveys, Survey Experiments, and Behavioral GamesRobert Blair; Philip Roessler (2021)

Four Costly Signaling MechanismsKai Quek (2021)

Free Trade and Forms of DemocratizationNoah Zucker (2021)

Good Times and Bad Apples: Rebel Recruitment in Crackdown and TruceKolby Hanson (2021)

High Valuations, Uncertainty, and WarIris Malone; William Spaniel (2021)

How Do Observers Assess Resolve?*Joshua Kertzer; Jonathan Renshon; Keren Yarhi-Milo (2021)

How Do Third Parties Affect Compliance in the Trade Regime?Jeffrey R Kucik; Lauren Peritz (2021)

How Responsive is Trade Adjustment Assistance?*Sung Eun Kim; Krzysztof Pelc (2021)

Keeping Friends Close, but Enemies Closer: Foreign Aid Responses to Natural DisastersCindy Cheng; Shahryar Minhas (2021)

Military Aid, Regime Vulnerability and the Escalation of Political ViolenceAndrew Boutton (2021)

No Calm After the Storm: Diaspora Influence on Bilateral Emergency Aid FlowsHendrik Platte (2021)

Reassessing the Public Goods Theory of AlliancesJoshua Alley (2021)

Silencing Their Critics: How Government Restrictions Against Civil Society Affect International 'Naming and Shaming'Hannah M. Smidt; Dominic Perera; Neil Mitchell; Kristin M. Bakke (2021)

State Visits and Leader SurvivalMatt Malis; Alastair Smith (2021)

Terrorist Campaigns, Religious Conversion, and the Growth of the Muslim PopulationSeung Whan Choi (2021)

The Power of Compromise: Proposal Power, Partisanship, and Public Support in International BargainingRyan Brutger (2021)

UN Peacekeeping and the Rule of LawRobert Blair (2021)

Voter and Legislator Responses to Localized Trade Shocks from China in BrazilDaniela Campello; Francisco Urdinez (2021)

War Makes the Regime: Regional Rebellions and Political Militarization WorldwideFerdinand Eibl; Steffen Hertog; Dan Slater (2021)

When Conflicts Do Not Overspill: The Case of JordanPetter Nesser; Henrik Gråtrud (2021)

2020

A Framework for Measuring Leaders' Willingness to Use ForceJeff Carter; Charles E. Smith, Jr. (2020)

Are Western Educated Leaders Less Prone to Initiate Militarized Disputes?Joan Barceló (2020)

Beyond Keeping the Peace: Can Peacekeepers Reduce Ethnic Tensions After Violence?Douglas Page ; Sam Whitt (2020)

Burden Sharing: Income, Inequality, and Willingness to FightChristopher J. Anderson; Anna Getmansky; Sivan Hirsch-Hoefler (2020)

Can Economic Assistance Shape Combatant Support in Wartime? Experimental Evidence from AfghanistanYang-Yang Zhou; *Jason Lyall; *Kosuke Imai (2020)

Capturing Group Alignments: Introducing the Government and Armed Actors Relations Dataset (GAARD)Sabine Otto; Adam Scharpf; Anita Gohdes (2020)

Challenging Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st century: British Domestic Actors and Horizontal Foreign Policy Contestation during the Syrian CrisisAndrea Betti (2020)

Curving the Resource Curse: Negative Effects of Oil and Gas Revenue on Civil Resistance Campaign OnsetJonathan Pinckney (2020)

Do Islamic State's Deadly Attacks Disengage, Deter, or Mobilize Supporters?Joan Barcelo; Elena Labzina (2020)

Guns or Money? Defense Cooperation and Bilateral Lending as Coevolving NetworksBrandon Kinne; Jonas Bunte (2020)

How Do People Evaluate Foreign Aid to "Nasty" Regimes?Tobias Heinrich; Yoshiharu Kobayashi (2020)

Obstacle to Peace? Ethnic Geography and Effectiveness of PeacekeepingJessica Di Salvatore (2020)

Outside the Wire: US Military Deployments and Host-Country Public OpinionMichael Flynn; Michael Allen; Carla Martinez Machain; Andrew Stravers (2020)

Reciprocity and Public Opposition to Foreign Direct InvestmentAdam Chilton; Helen Milner; Dustin Tingley (2020)

The Durability of Client Regimes: Foreign Sponsorship and Military Loyalty, 1946-2010Adam E. Casey (2020)

The Logic of Vulnerability and Civilian Victimization: Shifting Frontlines in Italy (1943-1945)Stefano Costalli; Francesco N. Moro; Andrea Ruggeri (2020)

The Surprising Decline of International Mediation in Armed ConflictsMagnus Lundgren; Isak Svensson (2020)

Why Do States Intervene in the Elections of Others? The Role of Incumbent-Opposition DivisionsJohannes Bubeck; Kai Jäger; *Nikolay Marinov; Federico Nanni (2020)

2019

A Manifesto, in 140 Characters or Fewer: Social Media As a Tool of Rebel DiplomacyBenjamin T. Jones; Eleonora Mattiacci (2019)

Building Cooperation Among Groups in Conflict: An Experiment on Intersectarian Cooperation in LebanonHan Il Chang; *Leonid Peisakhin (2019)

Competing with the Dragon: Employment Effects of Chinese Trade Competition in 17 Sectors across 18 OECD CountriesStefan Thewissen; Olaf Van Vliet (2019)

Conflict Management in Land, River, and Maritime ClaimsAndrew P. Owsiak; Sara McLaughlin Mitchell (2019)

Contested Ground: Disentangling Material and Symbolic Attachment to Disputed TerritoryTamar Mitts; Devorah Manekin; *Guy Grossman (2019)

Fatality Thresholds, Causal Heterogeneity, and Civil War Research: Reconsidering the Link Between Narcotics and ConflictNoel Anderson; Alec Worsnop (2019)

From Isolation to Radicalization: Anti-Muslim Hostility and Support for ISIS in the WestTamar Mitts (2019)

Hawks, Doves, and Peace: An Experimental ApproachMichaela Mattes; Jessica Weeks (2019)

Historical Ownership and Territorial DisputesSongying Fang; Xiaojun Li (2019)

Human Rights and Public Support for WarMichael Tomz; Jessica L. P. Weeks (2019)

International Institutions and Political Liberalization: Evidence from the World Bank Loans ProgramCyrus Samii; Allison Carnegie (2019)

International Migration and Military Intervention in Civil WarVincenzo Bove; Tobias Böhmelt (2019)

Peacekeepers against Criminal Violence: Unintended Effects of Peacekeeping Operations?Jessica Di Salvatore (2019)

Politics @Pontifex: International Crises and Political Patterns of Papal TweetsFederica Genovese (2019)

Power-Sharing: Institutions, Behavior, and PeaceNils-Christian Bormann; Lars-Erik Cederman; Scott Gates; Benjamin A.T. Graham; Simon Hug; Kaare Strom; Julian Wucherpfennig (2019)

Propaganda and Combat Motivation: Radio Broadcasts and German Soldiers' Performance in World War IIBenjamin Barber IV; Charles Miller (2019)

Property Rights Regimes, Technological Innovation, and Foreign Direct InvestmentMark Nieman; Cameron G. Thies (2019)

Rebel Tactics and External Public OpinionStephen Arves; Kathleen Cunningham; Caitlin McCulloch (2019)

The Arc of Modernization: Economic Structure, Materialism, and the Onset of Civil ConflictJ. Tyson Chatagnier; Emanuele Castelli (2019)

The Cart and the Horse Redux: The Timing of Border Settlement and Joint DemocracyAndrew P. Owsiak; John A. Vasquez (2019)

The Club Approach: A Gateway to Effective Climate Cooperation?Håkon Sælen; Jon Hovi; Detlef F. Sprinz; Arild Underdal (2019)

The Power of Peers: How Transnational Advocacy Networks Shape NGO Strategies on Climate ChangeJennifer Hadden; Lorien Jasny (2019)

Third Party Actors and the Intentional Targeting of Civilians in WarBenjamin Appel; Alyssa Prorok (2019)

2018

Arms Versus Democratic Allies Matthew DiGiuseppe; Paul Poast (2018)

Audience Costs and the Dynamics of War and PeaceCasey Crisman-Cox; Michael Gibilisco (2018)

Deliberative Capacity Building Through International Organizations: The Case of the Universal Periodic Review of Human RightsKarolina Milewicz; Robert E. Goodin (2018)

Economic Crises and Trade Policy CompetitionCameron Ballard-Rosa; Allison Carnegie; Nikhar Gaikwad (2018)

Human Rights NGO Shaming and the Exports of Abusive StatesTimothy Peterson; Amanda Murdie; Victor Asal (2018)

Killing Two Birds with One Stone? Examining the Diffusion Effect of Militant Leadership DecapitationYasutaka Tominaga (2018)

Leader Influence and Reputation Formation in World PoliticsAllan Dafoe; Jonathan Renshon; *Paul Huth (2018)

Life, Death, or Zombie? The Vitality of International OrganizationsJulia Gray (2018)

NGO Influence in International Organizations: Information, Access, and ExchangeJonas Tallberg; Lisa Dellmuth; Hans Agné; Andreas Duit (2018)

On the Frontline Every Day? Subnational Deployment of United Nations PeacekeepersAndrea Ruggeri; Han Dorussen; Theodora-Ismene Gizelis (2018)

Partners in Crime: An Empirical Evaluation of the CIA Rendition, Detention, and Interrogation ProgramAverell Schmidt; Kathryn Sikkink (2018)

Political Relations, Leader Stability, and Economic CoercionElena V McLean; Mitchell T Radtke (2018)

Should I Stay or Should I Go? Leaders, Exile, and the Dilemmas of International JusticeDaniel Krcmaric (2018)

Signaling By Signature: The Weight of International Opinion and Ratification of Treaties by Domestic Veto PlayersHugh Ward; David Hugh-Jones; Karolina Milewicz (2018)

Social Norms After Conflict Exposure and Victimization by Violence: Experimental Evidence from Kosovo Vera Mironova; Sam Whitt (2018)

The Politics of Scrutiny in Human Rights Monitoring: Evidence from Structural Topic Models of U.S. State Department Human Rights ReportsBenjamin Bagozzi; Daniel Berliner (2018)

Who Joins Counter-Hegemonic IGOs? Early and Late Members of the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment BankVinicius Rodrigues Vieira (2018)

Who Joins Counter-hegemonic IGOs? Early and Late Members of the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment BankVinicius Rodrigues Vieira (2018)

2017

By Fait Accompli, Not Coercion: How States Wrest Territory from Their AdversariesDan Altman (2017)

Commerce and Conflict: New Data About the Great WarJoanne Gowa; Raymond Hicks (2017)

Cultural Distance and Interstate ConflictsVincenzo Bove; Gunes Gokmen (2017)

Days of Action or Restraint? How the Islamic Calendar Impacts ViolenceMichael J. Reese; Keven G. Ruby; Robert A. Pape (2017)

Heterogeneity in the Militarized Interstate Disputes (MIDs), 1816-2001: What Fatal MIDs Cannot FixDoug Gibler; Erin K. Little (2017)

How Democratic Alliances Solve the Power Parity ProblemJustin Conrad (2017)

Implementing the Peace: The Aggregate Implementation of Comprehensive Peace Agreements and Peace Duration after Intrastate Armed ConflictMadhav Joshi & Jason Quinn (2017)

Inside Irredentism: A Global Empirical AnalysisDavid Siroky; Christopher Hale (2017)

Mixed Signals: Crisis Lending and Capital MarketsTerrence Chapman; Songying Fang; Xin Li; Randall W. Stone (2017)

No Business Like FIRC Business: Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Bilateral Trade Paul Zachary; Kathleen Deloughery; Alexander B. Downes (2017)

Political Competition and the Initiation of International Conflict: A New Perspective on the Institutional Foundations of Democratic PeaceBenjamin Goldsmith (2017)

Process or Candidate: The International Community and the Demand for Electoral IntegrityJohannes Bubeck; *Nikolay Marinov (2017)

Resolving Civil Wars Before They Start: The UN Security Council and Conflict Prevention in Self-Determination DisputesDavid E. Cunningham; Kyle Beardsley; Peter B. White (2017)

Service Firms in the Politics of US Trade PolicyStephen Weymouth (2017)

The Benefits and Burdens of Nuclear LatencyRupal N. Mehta; Rachel Elizabeth Whitlark (2017)

The Continent or the "Grand Large"? Strategic Culture and Operational Burden-Sharing in NATOJordan Becker; Edmund Malesky (2017)

2016

A Closer Look at Reporting Bias in Conflict Event DataNils B. Weidmann (2016)

A Preference for War: How Fairness and Rhetoric Influence Leadership Incentives in CrisesMatthew S. Gottfried; Robert F. Trager (2016)

Decomposing Audience Costs: Bringing the Audience Back into Audience Cost TheoryJoshua D. Kertzer; Ryan Brutger (2016)

IMF Conditionality, Government Partisanship, and the Progress of Economic ReformsByungwon Woo; Quintin Beazer (2016)

Leader Incentives and Civil War OutcomesAlyssa Prorok (2016)

Oil and International Cooperation*Michael L. Ross; Erik Voeten (2016)

Selecting Partner Countries for Preferential Trade Agreements: Experimental Evidence From Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and VietnamGabriele Spilker; Thomas Bernauer; Víctor Umaña (2016)

Terrorism, Dynamic Commitment Problems, and Military ConflictNavin Bapat; Sean Ziegler (2016)

The Impact of US Drone Strikes on Terrorism in PakistanPatrick B. Johnston; Anoop K. Sarbahi (2016)

Who Inherits the State? Colonial Rule and Postcolonial ConflictJulian Wucherpfennig; Philipp Hunziker; Lars-Erik Cederman (2016)

2015

Backing out or Backing In? Commitment and Consistency in Audience Costs TheoryJack S. Levy; Michael K. McKoy; Paul Poast; Geoffrey P.R. Wallace (2015)

Causes of Non-Compliance With International Law: A Field Experiment on Anonymous IncorporationMichael G. Findley; Daniel L. Nielson; J.C. Sharman (2015)

Legislative Veto Players and the Effects of International Human Rights AgreementsYonatan Lupu (2015)

Oil Discoveries, Shifting Power, and Civil ConflictCurtis Bell; Scott Wolford (2015)

Politics by Number: Indicators As Social Pressure in International RelationsJudith Kelley; Beth Simmons (2015)

Sanctions, Uncertainty, and Leader TenureWilliam Spaniel; Bradley C. Smith (2015)

2014

A Checkpoint Effect? Evidence from a Natural Experiment on Travel Restrictions in the West BankMatthew Longo; Daphna Canetti; Nancy Hite (2014)

Impact of IMF Programs on Perceived Creditworthiness of Emerging Market Countries: Is There a "Nixon-Goes-to-China" Effect?Hye Jee Cho (2014)

Making It Personal: Regime Type and Nuclear ProliferationChristopher Way; Jessica Weeks (2014)

Rewarding Bad Behavior: How Governments Respond to Terrorism in Civil WarJakana L. Thomas (2014)

Signaling Alliance Commitments: Hand-Tying and Sunk Costs in Extended Nuclear DeterrenceMatthew Fuhrmann; Todd Sechser (2014)

2013

Actor Fragmentation and Civil War Bargaining: How Internal Divisions Generate Civil ConflictKathleen Gallagher Cunningham (2013)

Antigovernment Networks in Civil Conflicts: How Network Structures Affect Conflictual BehaviorNils W. Metternich; Cassy Dorff; Max Gallop; *Simon Weschle; Michael D. Ward (2013)

Explaining Support for Combatants During Wartime: A Survey Experiment in Afghanistan*Jason Lyall; *Graeme Blair; *Kosuke Imai (2013)

Investment, Opportunity, and Risk: Do US Sanctions Deter or Encourage Global Investment?David Lektzian; Glen Biglaiser (2013)

Network Dynamics and the Evolution of International CooperationBrandon J Kinne (2013)

The Informative Power of Treaty Commitment: Using the Spatial Model to Address Selection EffectsYonatan Lupu (2013)

United Nations Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil WarMegan Shannon; Lisa Hultman; Jacob Kathman (2013)

2012

A Competing Risks Model of War Termination and Leader ChangeAlejandro Quiroz Flores (2012)

Leadership Survival, Regime Type, Policy Uncertainty and PTA AccessionJames R. Hollyer; B. Peter Rosendorff (2012)

Supporting Democracy in the Former Soviet Union: Why the Impact of US Assistance Has Been Below ExpectationsYury V. Bosin (2012)

2010

Dealing with Tyranny: International Sanctions and the Survival of Authoritarian RulersAbel Escribà-Folch; Joseph Wright (2010)

Friends or Foes? Major Trading Partners and the Success of Economic SanctionsElena V. McLean; Taehee Whang (2010)

2009

Multilateral Versus Unilateral Sanctions Reconsidered: A Test Using New DataNavin A. Bapat; T. Clifton Morgan (2009)

Sleeping With Your Friends' Enemies: An Explanation of Sanctions-Busting TradeBryan R. Early (2009)

2008

A Hand Upon the Throat of a Nation: Economic Sanctions and State Repression, 1976-2001Reed M. Wood (2008)

2006

Contested Territory, Strategic Rivalries and Conflict EscalationKaren A. Rasler; William R. Thompson (2006)

2005

The Constraining Power of International Treaties: Theory and MethodsBeth A. Simmons; Daniel J. Hopkins (2005)

2003

Civil Wars Kill and Maim People--Long After the Shooting Stops*Paul Huth; Hazem Adam Ghobarah; Bruce Russett (2003)

Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil WarJames Fearon; David Laitin (2003)

Identifying the Culprit: Democracy, Dictatorship, and Dispute InitiationDan Reiter; Allan C. Stam (2003)

2001

Winners or Losers? Democracies in International Crises*Christopher Gelpi; Michael Griesdorf (2001)

1998

Democracy, War Initiation, and VictoryAllan Stam III; Dan Reiter (1998)

The Political Determinants of International Trade: The Major Powers, 1907-90*James D. Morrow; Randolph M. Siverson; Tressa E. Tabares (1998)

1996

Assessing the Dyadic Nature of the Democratic Peace*Paul Huth; *Christopher Gelpi; Dan Reiter; David L. Rousseau (1996)

1992

Powerful Pacifists: Democratic States and WarDavid A. Lake (1992)

1988

Extended Deterrence and the Outbreak of WarPuth Huth (1988)

Authors with Datasets

Weisiger, Alex .Univ. of Pennsylvania, see dataverse

Fortna, Page .Columbia University

Kertzer, Joshua .

Morrow, James .Univ. of Michigan, see datasets.

Gleditsch, Kristian .University of Essex

Bennett, D. Scott .Penn State, datasets page

Brandt, Patrick .University of Texas at Dallas, see replication page.

Poast, Paul .Univ. of Chicago, see original data.

Gartzke, Erik .Univ. California at San Diego, see datasets

Gelpi, Christopher .Ohio State University, see datasets.

See All Authors with Datasets